Any researcher exploring European and in particular Central and Eastern European Jewry since the collapse of the Soviet Union could not possibly disregard one peculiar expression – Jewish space. Enormous attention has been paid to Diana Pinto’s paper “The Jewish Space in Europe”, especially to her reflections which either tried to revise the expression (the Jewish space of Pinto versus the judaisierendes Milieu of Bodemann) or to concretize or modify the meaning of the expressions stated above. Many examples have been put forward to prove the functioning of the Jewish space. But these proofs have been used – paradoxically similar to a racist way of thinking – rather to testify if one is a Jew or not.
That is why researchers keep referring to the Jewish Culture Festival in Krakow as the biggest and most incomparable one founded and organized by Gentiles in a former Jewish Quarter. Doing all this instead of analyzing how Jews and Gentiles relate to Jewish topics in public by framing the programs of festivals and other cultural events. In practice it means that in many cases, in towns of Central Europe like Budapest and Berlin, institutions, municipalities or the festival organizers decide the way of representing, understanding, presenting to the wider gentile audience the Jewish culture.
As a case study we compare these processes in Budapest and in Berlin, where the biggest Jewish communities are to be found in Central Europe today.
Jewish Spaces:
Historical and symbolical landscapes
in Berlin and Budapest
Institut für Europäische Ethnologie
Head of the research:
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Kaschuba
Research Fellow
Dr. Eszter B.Gantner
gantner.eszter@jewish-spaces.com
Partner in Budapest
PhD. András A. Gergely
gergely@elte.edu.hu
Eszter Susán
Junior Research Fellow
eszter.susan@jewish-spaces.com
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Europäische Ethnologie, Raum 415
Initiatoren: Alina Gromova, Felix Heinert, Sebastian Voigt
Welche Rolle spielt Raum in der Erforschung jüdischer Erfahrung? Welche Schnittstellen und Grenzen ergeben sich, wenn sich Akteure gleichzeitig in mehreren, jüdischen und nicht-jüdischen Räumen bewegen? Wie wirkt sich der urbane Kontext auf die Verräumlichung von Identifizierungen aus?
Die konzeptionelle Ausgangsüberlegung der Tagung ist, dass jüdische Räume immer erst in Beziehung zu nicht-jüdischen Raumkonstruktionen entstehen. So wie die Fremdwahrnehmungen in die Eigenbilder mit einfließen, indem sie kreativ verarbeitet und neuinterpretiert werden, so werden auch jüdische Räume von nicht- oder ggf. auch anti-jüdischen Raumkonstruktionen mitgeprägt. Besonders in einer urbanen Umgebung, in der viele soziale, kulturelle, religiöse und ethnische Akteure bzw. Gruppen aufeinandertreffen, wird das Jüdischsein sowohl durch Kontakt mit als auch durch Abgrenzung zu den anderen Gruppen ausgehandelt. Es scheint das Kennzeichnen von Urbanität zu sein, dass hier verschiedene Akteure und Gruppen dicht auf einem relativ begrenzten und zugleich symbolisch entgrenzten Gebiet zusammenleben, und dass es ihnen dadurch möglich wird, mehrere Identifizierungen gleichzeitig anzunehmen.
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Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Europäische Ethnologie, Raum 415
Initiatoren: Alina Gromova, Felix Heinert, Sebastian Voigt
Welche Rolle spielt Raum in der Erforschung jüdischer Erfahrung? Welche Schnittstellen und Grenzen ergeben sich, wenn sich Akteure gleichzeitig in mehreren, jüdischen und nicht-jüdischen Räumen bewegen? Wie wirkt sich der urbane Kontext auf die Verräumlichung von Identifizierungen aus?
Date:May 3rd 2012, 10.00 – 18.00
Location: Institut für Europäische Ethnologie, Mohrenstraße 40/41, 10117 Berlin
Organised by:Institut für Europäische Ethnologie, Humboldt University, Berlin
Initiator:Eszter B.Gantner (gantere@hu-berlin.de)
The persecution, flight and murder of European Jews in the first half of the twentieth century and the profound social and political transformations that decisively affected European cities in the in the final decade of the 20th century have radically altered urban 'Jewish landscapes'. New stakeholders and institutions emerged with their own networks, goals and interests, and have constructed, staged and marketed 'Jewish culture' in these urban spaces anew. The resultant Jewish spaces are being constituted in an urban space located at the intersection of ethnic representation, collective memory, and drawing on an imagined material culture, which includes architectural, physcial and digital spaces (synagogues, Jewish quarters). This Europe-wide process – from London to Moscow – is closely related to the delicate politics of memory and discourses on authenticity of cities. In this context, Jewish culture plays an increasingly important role as an element of the marketing of historical authenticity, which cities and their tourism affiliates are undertaking.
Over a period of two years, in a research project on “Jewish Spaces”supported by the DFG (German Research Foundation), we have investigated three aspects of the concept of Jewish spaces in an urban context in light of Diana Pinto's work:
“Jewish Spaces” and memory culture in an urban context:Discourses on the memorialization of 'the Jewish' revolve around the topi of the Holocaust, persecution of Jews and 'Vergangenheitsbewältigung'. Memorials like the Holocaust Memorial in Berlin are stony manifestations that mark the terminus and result of discourses. As fewer living eye-witnesses remain, future transformations of a historical Jewish space will draw on media for transmission.
Constructed “Jewish Spaces” in an urban context:The discourse of 'Vergangenheitsbewältigung' and the missing pieces of a erased culture nurture the need for the tangible, visible and experiential. In an attempt to breathe life into what has been lost, lifeless shells take shape. In major cities in Europe, elements of a constructed Jewish space legitimated their mere existence by virtue of being architectural remains of a partially destroyed European Jewish culture (?). 'Kosher-style' restaurants or seemingly authentic Jewish klezmer concerts function to give the appearance of a enlivened Jewish heritage. Tour managers, city marketing agencies and travel agencies operate as actors in this constructed space, along with organizers of various 'Jewish' events – ranging from 'culure days' to klezmer concerts.
Virtual 'Jewish space' and the urban context:The virtual space represents, in our context, a space that is produced through engagement and communication with Jewish themes that become inscribed into the collective imagination. This virtual space is reproduced in media that referrence and invoke one another (e.g. newspapers, homepages and city tours). In this way, architectural relics and historical events are recharged with pictures and set in relation to one another.
As it expands and separate from existing, contemporary Jewish life and culture in Europe, the production of these spaces in the past few dacades has become more detached. The diversity and richness of Jewish life and culture are not reflected in its undertaking and are not present in the resultant constructed 'Jewish space'.
In this research project, organized by the Institute for European Ethnologie, we located the central concept of Jewish space with intention within the context of urban culture. Specifically, we view it in relation to ethnic representations and collective memory, as well as connected to an imagined material heritage, which includes the architectural and physical realms. In the workshop, we will explore the prospects of a broader application of the term through the following questions, which will be aim to discuss from an interdisciplinary perspective:
Date:May 3rd 2012, 10.00 – 18.00
Location: Institut für Europäische Ethnologie, Mohrenstraße 40/41, 10117 Berlin
Organised by:Institut für Europäische Ethnologie, Humboldt University, Berlin
Initiator:Eszter B.Gantner (gantere@hu-berlin.de)
Live Vortrag in Moskau zu aktuellen Forschungsergebnissen unseres Projektes. Der Titel des Vortrags war "Production of Jewish Spaces in Central Europe". Die Videodokumentation findet sich hier.
Live Vortrag in Moskau zu aktuellen Forschungsergebnissen unseres Projektes. Der Titel des Vortrags war "Production of Jewish Spaces in Central Europe". Die Videodokumentation findet sich hier.